Supplementary material for "A New Input Technique for Accented Letters in Alphabetical Scripts" by Uwe Waldmann, 20th International Unicode Conference, Washington, DC, USA, January 2002. http://www.mpi-sb.mpg.de/~uwe/paper/AccInput-bibl.html Input methods for accented letters in alphabetical scripts should satisfy a number of (not fully compatible) requirements. In particular, they should be easy to learn and to memorize, they should induce little mental and physical stress, and they should make a large number of characters accessible using few dedicated keys and short key sequences. In the above-mentioned paper, we describe a new input technique called "SITMO" (Single Iteratable Trailing Modifier), and compare it with traditional modifier (dead key) and compose input methods. SITMO uses one dedicated key. Typing replaces the character immediately before the cursor by another character derived from the same base character, for instance "a" by "a with diaeresis", "a with diaeresis" by "a with grave", and "a with grave" by "a with acute", so that, say, "a with grave" can be obtained by typing . SITMO is parameterized by a language- dependent "replacement scheme" defining the possible substitutions. To evaluate the method, we have inspected sample newspaper texts in 28 European languages. In this file, we give for each language the letter frequencies of the sample texts and one or more SITMO replacement schemes. The frequency tables contain the number of occurrences for each derived letter (i.e., letter outside of {A,...,Z,a,...,z}) that occurs in the sample texts. They also contain those derived letters which are used in the standard orthography for the language but for which the number of occurrences in the sample texts is zero (e.g. "u with diaeresis" in Spanish). In addition, the frequency tables show the length of the sample text (always 100000 characters) and the total number of derived letters. With the exception of the dotted and undotted "i" in Azeri and Turkish, upper case letters are always mapped to the corresponding lower case letters. For each replacement scheme, the average number of keystrokes per derived letter (for the sample texts) is given. If derived letters have been turned into base letters (e.g. for French), the average numbers are given both including and excluding the new base letters. The replacement schemes presented here contain three kinds of letters: (a) All derived letters that are used in the standard orthography of the language (not marked). (b) All derived letters not occurring in the standard orthography but occurring in the sample texts in proper names, foreign loans, etc. (marked by [ ]). (c) Some derived letters occurring neither in the sample texts nor in the standard orthography of the language which serve to regularize the replacement scheme (marked by { }). It should be noted that replacement schemes used in a practical implementation will differ from the schemes presented here in several points: - They will contain non-letters, e.g., punctuation characters, mathematical symbols, letter-like symbols. - They will contain much more derived letters not occurring in the standard orthography. - The positions given here for letters of group (b) are often accidental, so many letters of this group will occur at different positions. ======================================================================== Albanian ------------------------------------------------------------------------ #chars 100000 U+00E7 166 U+00EB 7281 U+00FC 3 #derived 7450 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Frequency-based replacement scheme. // All derived letters in the second column. c U+00E7 e U+00EB u [U+00FC] average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.0000 ======================================================================== Azeri ------------------------------------------------------------------------ #chars 100000 U+00E7 634 U+0259 7870 U+00E8 1 U+011F 335 U+0131 2957 U+0130 234 U+00F6 645 U+015F 1278 U+00FC 1519 #derived 15473 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Frequency-based replacement scheme. // All derived letters in the second column. c U+00E7 e U+0259 [U+00E8] g U+011F i U+0131 I U+0130 o U+00F6 s U+015F u U+00FC average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.0001 ======================================================================== Catalan ------------------------------------------------------------------------ #chars 100000 U+00E0 290 U+00E1 23 U+00E2 1 U+00E7 76 U+00E9 345 U+00E8 245 U+00ED 227 U+00EF 29 U+00F1 15 U+00F3 453 U+00F2 129 U+00FA 78 U+00FC 18 #derived 1929 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Frequency-based replacement scheme. a U+00E0 [U+00E1] [U+00E2] c U+00E7 e U+00E9 U+00E8 i U+00ED U+00EF n [U+00F1] o U+00F3 U+00F2 u U+00FA U+00FC average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.2312 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Regularized replacement scheme. // Grave and diaeresis in the third column, other derived letters in // the second column. a [U+00E1] U+00E0 [U+00E2] c U+00E7 e U+00E9 U+00E8 i U+00ED U+00EF n [U+00F1] o U+00F3 U+00F2 u U+00FA U+00FC average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.3696 ======================================================================== Croatian ------------------------------------------------------------------------ #chars 100000 U+010D 778 U+0107 584 U+0111 143 U+0151 1 U+0161 683 U+017E 438 U+017A 1 #derived 2628 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Frequency-based replacement scheme. // Acute in the third column, other derived letters in the second // column. c U+010D U+0107 d U+0111 o [U+0151] s U+0161 z U+017E [U+017A] average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.2226 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Shifted replacement scheme. // All derived letters in the second column (but "c" with acute in the // "x" row). c U+010D d U+0111 o [U+0151] s U+0161 x U+0107 z U+017E [U+017A] average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.0004 ======================================================================== Czech ------------------------------------------------------------------------ #chars 100000 U+00E1 1612 U+00E4 2 U+010D 729 U+010F 14 U+011B 1012 U+00E9 788 U+00ED 2119 U+0148 49 U+00F3 18 U+00F6 2 U+0159 962 U+0161 572 U+0165 30 U+016F 372 U+00FA 81 U+00FD 597 U+017E 749 #derived 9708 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Frequency-based replacement scheme. a U+00E1 [U+00E4] c U+010D d U+010F e U+011B U+00E9 i U+00ED n U+0148 o U+00F3 [U+00F6] r U+0159 s U+0161 t U+0165 u U+016F U+00FA y U+00FD z U+017E average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.0899 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Regularized replacement scheme. // Vowels with acute and consonants with caron in the second column, // other derived letters in the third column. a U+00E1 [U+00E4] c U+010D d U+010F e U+00E9 U+011B i U+00ED n U+0148 o U+00F3 [U+00F6] r U+0159 s U+0161 t U+0165 u U+00FA U+016F y U+00FD z U+017E average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.1430 ======================================================================== Danish ------------------------------------------------------------------------ #chars 100000 U+00E5 824 U+00E6 592 U+00E4 5 U+00E0 2 U+00E9 13 U+00F8 830 U+00F6 4 U+00FC 19 #derived 2289 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Frequency-based replacement scheme. // "ae" in the third column, other derived letters in the second // column. a U+00E5 U+00E6 [U+00E4] [U+00E0] e [U+00E9] o U+00F8 [U+00F6] u [U+00FC] average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.2674 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Shifted replacement scheme. // All derived letters in the second column (but "ae" in the "e" row). a U+00E5 [U+00E4] [U+00E0] e U+00E6 [U+00E9] o U+00F8 [U+00F6] u [U+00FC] average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.0114 ======================================================================== Dutch ------------------------------------------------------------------------ #chars 100000 U+00E1 4 U+00E4 0 U+00EB 45 U+00E9 18 U+00E8 3 U+00EF 9 U+00ED 1 U+00F3 9 U+00F6 7 U+00FC 2 U+00FA 0 #derived 98 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Frequency-based replacement scheme. a U+00E1 U+00E4 e U+00EB U+00E9 [U+00E8] i U+00EF U+00ED o U+00F3 U+00F6 u U+00FC U+00FA average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.3265 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Shifted replacement scheme. // Diaeresis in the second column, acute in the third column. a U+00E4 U+00E1 e U+00EB U+00E9 [U+00E8] i U+00EF U+00ED o U+00F6 U+00F3 u U+00FC U+00FA average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.3878 ======================================================================== Estonian ------------------------------------------------------------------------ #chars 100000 U+00E4 1086 U+00F5 880 U+00F6 390 U+0161 11 U+00FC 702 U+017E 0 #derived 3069 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Frequency-based replacement scheme. // "o" with diaeresis in the third column, other derived letters in // the second column. a U+00E4 o U+00F5 U+00F6 s U+0161 u U+00FC z U+017E average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.1271 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Regularized replacement scheme. // Tilde in the third column, other derived letters in the second // column. a U+00E4 o U+00F6 U+00F5 s U+0161 u U+00FC z U+017E average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.2867 ======================================================================== Finnish ------------------------------------------------------------------------ #chars 100000 U+00E4 3404 U+00E5 2 U+00F6 490 U+0161 0 U+017E 0 #derived 3896 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Frequency-based replacement scheme. // All derived letters in the second column. a U+00E4 [U+00E5] o U+00F6 s U+0161 z U+017E average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.0005 ======================================================================== French ------------------------------------------------------------------------ #chars 100000 U+00E0 403 U+00E2 20 U+00E3 3 U+00E7 38 U+00E9 1808 U+00E8 323 U+00EA 145 U+00EB 21 U+00EE 38 U+00EF 8 U+00F4 55 U+0153 21 U+00F9 23 U+00FB 18 U+00FC 0 #derived 2924 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Frequency-based replacement scheme. a U+00E0 U+00E2 [U+00E3] c U+00E7 e U+00E9 U+00E8 U+00EA U+00EB i U+00EE U+00EF o U+00F4 U+0153 u U+00F9 U+00FB U+00FC average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.2562 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Regularized replacement scheme. // Grave in the third column, circumflex in the fourth column, // diaeresis in the fifth column, other derived letters in the second // column. a {U+00E1} U+00E0 U+00E2 [U+00E3] c U+00E7 e U+00E9 U+00E8 U+00EA U+00EB i {U+00ED} {U+00EC} U+00EE U+00EF o U+0153 {U+00F2} U+00F4 u {U+00FA} U+00F9 U+00FB U+00FC average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.4778 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Shifted replacement scheme. // Circumflex in the third column, diaeresis in the fourth column, // other derived letters in the second column (but "e" with grave in // the "i" row). a U+00E0 U+00E2 [U+00E3] c U+00E7 e U+00E9 U+00EA U+00EB i U+00E8 U+00EE U+00EF o U+0153 U+00F4 u U+00F9 U+00FB U+00FC average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.1163 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Regularized replacement scheme (using "e" with acute as a base // letter). // Circumflex in the third column, diaeresis in the fourth column, // other derived letters in the second column. a U+00E0 U+00E2 [U+00E3] c U+00E7 e U+00E8 U+00EA U+00EB U+00E9 i {U+00EC} U+00EE U+00EF o U+0153 U+00F4 u U+00F9 U+00FB U+00FC average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.3047 (per derived letter including U+00E9: 1.4979) ======================================================================== German ------------------------------------------------------------------------ #chars 100000 U+00E4 542 U+00E9 14 U+00EB 1 U+00F6 204 U+00DF 282 U+00FC 545 #derived 1588 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Frequency-based replacement scheme. // All derived letters in the second column. a U+00E4 e [U+00E9] [U+00EB] o U+00F6 s U+00DF u U+00FC average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.0006 ======================================================================== Hungarian ------------------------------------------------------------------------ #chars 100000 U+00E1 3310 U+00E9 2811 U+00ED 584 U+00F6 889 U+00F3 832 U+0151 662 U+00FC 522 U+00FA 228 U+0171 180 #derived 10018 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Frequency-based replacement scheme. a U+00E1 e U+00E9 i U+00ED o U+00F6 U+00F3 U+0151 u U+00FC U+00FA U+0171 average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.2739 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Regularized replacement scheme. // Acute in the second column, diaeresis in the third column, // double acute in the fourth column. a U+00E1 e U+00E9 i U+00ED o U+00F3 U+00F6 U+0151 u U+00FA U+00FC U+0171 average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.3089 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Shifted replacement scheme. // Double acute in the third column, other derived letters in the // second column. (but "o" and "u" with diaeresis or double acute in // the "l" or "j" row, respectively). a U+00E1 e U+00E9 i U+00ED o U+00F3 l U+00F6 U+0151 u U+00FA j U+00FC U+0171 average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.0840 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Regularized replacement scheme (using "o" and "u" with diaeresis as // base letters). // All derived letters in the second column. a U+00E1 e U+00E9 i U+00ED o U+00F3 U+00F6 U+0151 u U+00FA U+00FC U+0171 average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.0000 (per derived letter including U+00F6 and U+00FC: 1.8592) ======================================================================== Icelandic ------------------------------------------------------------------------ #chars 100000 U+00E1 1346 U+00E6 790 U+00F0 3581 U+00E9 457 U+00ED 1292 U+00F3 784 U+00F6 653 U+00FE 1100 U+00FA 411 U+00FD 245 #derived 10659 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Frequency-based replacement scheme. // Vowels with acute and derived consonants in the second column, // other derived vowels in the third column. a U+00E1 U+00E6 d U+00F0 e U+00E9 i U+00ED o U+00F3 U+00F6 t U+00FE u U+00FA y U+00FD average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.1354 ======================================================================== Irish Gaelic ------------------------------------------------------------------------ #chars 100000 U+00E1 1494 U+00E9 1208 U+00ED 1507 U+00F3 715 U+00FA 737 #derived 5661 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Frequency-based replacement scheme. // All derived letters in the second column. a U+00E1 e U+00E9 i U+00ED o U+00F3 u U+00FA average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.0000 ======================================================================== Italian ------------------------------------------------------------------------ #chars 100000 U+00E0 189 U+00E8 244 U+00E9 44 U+00EB 1 U+00EC 39 U+00F2 50 U+00F9 75 #derived 642 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Frequency-based replacement scheme. // Grave in the second column, acute in the third column. a U+00E0 e U+00E8 U+00E9 [U+00EB] i U+00EC o U+00F2 u U+00F9 average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.0717 ======================================================================== Latvian ------------------------------------------------------------------------ #chars 100000 U+0101 3427 U+010D 88 U+0113 1493 U+0123 107 U+012B 1718 U+0137 95 U+013C 226 U+0146 337 U+0157 0 U+0161 968 U+016B 404 U+017E 123 #derived 8986 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Frequency-based replacement scheme. // All derived letters in the second column. a U+0101 c U+010D e U+0113 g U+0123 i U+012B k U+0137 l U+013C n U+0146 r U+0157 s U+0161 u U+016B z U+017E average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.0000 ======================================================================== Lithuanian ------------------------------------------------------------------------ #chars 100000 U+0105 594 U+010D 355 U+0117 1469 U+0119 168 U+012F 486 U+0161 853 U+0173 1146 U+016B 426 U+017E 592 #derived 6089 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Frequency-based replacement scheme. a U+0105 c U+010D e U+0117 U+0119 i U+012F s U+0161 u U+0173 U+016B z U+017E average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.0976 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Regularized replacement scheme. // Macron and dot in the third column, other derived letters in the // second column. a U+0105 c U+010D e U+0119 U+0117 i U+012F s U+0161 u U+0173 U+016B z U+017E average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.3112 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Shifted replacement scheme. // Macron in the third column, other derived letters in the second // column (but "e" with dot in the "d" row). a U+0105 c U+010D d U+0117 e U+0119 i U+012F s U+0161 u U+0173 U+016B z U+017E average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.0700 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Regularized replacement scheme (using "e" with dot as a base letter). // Macron in the third column, other derived letters in the second // column. a U+0105 c U+010D e U+0119 U+0117 i U+012F s U+0161 u U+0173 U+016B z U+017E average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.0922 (per derived letter including U+0117: 1.8287) ======================================================================== Maltese ------------------------------------------------------------------------ #chars 100000 U+00E0 94 U+010B 406 U+00E8 8 U+0121 517 U+0127 2138 U+00EC 1 U+00F2 9 U+00F9 2 U+017C 594 #derived 3769 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Frequency-based replacement scheme. // All derived letters in the second column. a U+00E0 c U+010B e U+00E8 g U+0121 h U+0127 i U+00EC o U+00F2 u U+00F9 z U+017C average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.0000 ======================================================================== Norwegian ------------------------------------------------------------------------ #chars 100000 U+00E5 1251 U+00E6 145 U+00E4 3 U+00E0 0 U+00E9 9 U+00EA 0 U+00F8 697 U+00F6 15 U+00F4 2 U+00F2 1 U+00F3 0 U+00FC 2 #derived 2125 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Frequency-based replacement scheme. // "ae" in the third column, other derived letters in the second // column (except for some very rare ones). a U+00E5 U+00E6 [U+00E4] U+00E0 e U+00E9 U+00EA o U+00F8 [U+00F6] U+00F4 U+00F2 U+00F3 u [U+00FC] average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.0814 ======================================================================== Polish ------------------------------------------------------------------------ #chars 100000 U+0105 795 U+0107 368 U+0119 880 U+0142 1416 U+0144 156 U+00F3 705 U+015B 516 U+017C 682 U+017A 50 U+017E 1 #derived 5569 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Frequency-based replacement scheme. // "z" with acute in the third column, other derived letters in the // second column. a U+0105 c U+0107 e U+0119 l U+0142 n U+0144 o U+00F3 s U+015B z U+017C U+017A [U+017E] average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.0093 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Regularized replacement scheme. // Dot in the third column, other derived letters in the second // column. a U+0105 c U+0107 e U+0119 l U+0142 n U+0144 o U+00F3 s U+015B z U+017A U+017C [U+017E] average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.1228 ======================================================================== Portuguese ------------------------------------------------------------------------ #chars 100000 U+00E3 665 U+00E1 327 U+00E0 108 U+00E2 38 U+00E7 505 U+00E9 366 U+00EA 139 U+00E8 1 U+00ED 230 U+00F3 193 U+00F5 139 U+00F4 16 U+00FA 102 U+00FC 1 #derived 2830 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Frequency-based replacement scheme. a U+00E3 U+00E1 U+00E0 U+00E2 c U+00E7 e U+00E9 U+00EA [U+00E8] i U+00ED o U+00F3 U+00F5 U+00F4 u U+00FA U+00FC average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.3428 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Shifted replacement scheme. // Circumflex and diaeresis in the third column, grave in the fourth // column, other derived letters in the second column (but "a" and "o" // with tilde in the "s" and "p" row, respectively). a U+00E1 U+00E2 U+00E0 s U+00E3 c U+00E7 e U+00E9 U+00EA [U+00E8] i U+00ED o U+00F3 U+00F4 p U+00F5 u U+00FA U+00FC average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.1456 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Regularized replacement scheme (using "a" and "o" with tilde as base // letters). // Circumflex and diaeresis in the third column, grave in the fourth // column, other derived letters in the second column. a U+00E1 U+00E2 U+00E0 U+00E3 c U+00E7 e U+00E9 U+00EA [U+00E8] i U+00ED o U+00F3 U+00F4 U+00F5 u U+00FA U+00FC average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.2034 (per derived letter including U+00E3 and U+00F5: 1.8615) ======================================================================== Romanian ------------------------------------------------------------------------ #chars 100000 U+0103 2260 U+00E2 465 U+00E9 1 U+00EE 818 U+0219 960 U+021B 1077 #derived 5581 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Frequency-based replacement scheme. // "a" with circumflex in the third column, other derived letters in // the second column. a U+0103 U+00E2 e [U+00E9] i U+00EE s U+0219 t U+021B average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.0833 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Regularized replacement scheme. a U+00E2 U+0103 e [U+00E9] i U+00EE s U+0219 t U+021B average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.4049 ======================================================================== Slovak ------------------------------------------------------------------------ #chars 100000 U+00E1 1688 U+00E4 67 U+010D 883 U+010F 120 U+00E9 596 U+00ED 935 U+013E 318 U+013A 13 U+0148 113 U+00F4 139 U+00F3 92 U+00F6 8 U+0155 4 U+0161 761 U+0165 434 U+00FA 747 U+00FD 853 U+017E 605 U+017A 1 #derived 8377 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Frequency-based replacement scheme. a U+00E1 U+00E4 c U+010D d U+010F e U+00E9 i U+00ED l U+013E U+013A n U+0148 o U+00F4 U+00F3 [U+00F6] r U+0155 s U+0161 t U+0165 u U+00FA y U+00FD z U+017E [U+017A] average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.0226 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Regularized replacement scheme. // Diaeresis, circumflex and "l" with acute in the third column, other // derived letters in the second column. a U+00E1 U+00E4 c U+010D d U+010F e U+00E9 i U+00ED l U+013E U+013A n U+0148 o U+00F3 U+00F4 [U+00F6] r U+0155 s U+0161 t U+0165 u U+00FA y U+00FD z U+017E [U+017A] average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.0282 ======================================================================== Slovene ------------------------------------------------------------------------ #chars 100000 U+010D 1150 U+0161 788 U+017E 533 #derived 2471 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Frequency-based replacement scheme. // All derived letters in the second column. c U+010D s U+0161 z U+017E average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.0000 ======================================================================== Spanish ------------------------------------------------------------------------ #chars 100000 U+00E1 334 U+00E9 174 U+00ED 414 U+00F1 166 U+00F3 766 U+00F6 1 U+00FA 105 U+00FC 0 #derived 1960 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Frequency-based replacement scheme. // Diaeresis in the third column, other derived letters in the second // column. a U+00E1 e U+00E9 i U+00ED n U+00F1 o U+00F3 [U+00F6] u U+00FA U+00FC average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.0005 ======================================================================== Swedish ------------------------------------------------------------------------ #chars 100000 U+00E4 1538 U+00E5 1330 U+00E0 2 U+00E9 29 U+00F6 1268 U+00FC 5 #derived 4172 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Frequency-based replacement scheme. // "a" with ring in the third column, other derived letters in the // second column. a U+00E4 U+00E5 [U+00E0] e U+00E9 o U+00F6 u [U+00FC] average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.3198 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Shifted replacement scheme. // All derived letters in the second column (but "a" with ring in the // "s" row). a U+00E4 [U+00E0] s U+00E5 e U+00E9 o U+00F6 u [U+00FC] average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.0005 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Regularized replacement scheme (using "a" with ring as a base // letter). // All derived letters in the second column. a U+00E4 U+00E0 U+00E5 e U+00E9 o U+00F6 u U+00FC average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.0007 (per derived letter including U+00E5: 1.6817) ======================================================================== Turkish ------------------------------------------------------------------------ #chars 100000 U+00E2 0 U+00E7 817 U+011F 872 U+0131 4058 U+0130 199 U+00F6 677 U+015F 1181 U+00FC 1529 U+00FB 1 #derived 9334 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Frequency-based replacement scheme. // Circumflex in the third column, other derived letters in the second // column. a {U+00E4} [U+00E2] c U+00E7 g U+011F i U+0131 I U+0130 o U+00F6 s U+015F u U+00FC [U+00FB] average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.0001 ======================================================================== West Frisian ------------------------------------------------------------------------ #chars 100000 U+00E2 213 U+00E4 1 U+00EA 239 U+00EB 9 U+00E9 2 U+00E8 1 U+00EF 2 U+00ED 1 U+00F4 71 U+00F6 2 U+00FB 327 U+00FA 221 U+00FC 0 #derived 1089 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Frequency-based replacement scheme. a U+00E2 U+00E4 e U+00EA U+00EB U+00E9 [U+00E8] i U+00EF [U+00ED] o U+00F4 U+00F6 u U+00FB U+00FA U+00FC average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.2213 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Regularized replacement scheme. // Circumflex in the second column, acute in the third column, // diaeresis in the fourth column. a U+00E2 {U+00E1} U+00E4 e U+00EA U+00E9 U+00EB [U+00E8] i {U+00EE} [U+00ED] U+00EF o U+00F4 {U+00F3} U+00F6 u U+00FB U+00FA U+00FC average number of keystrokes per derived letter: 2.2342 ========================================================================